His economical and understated styleβwhich included his iceberg theory βhad a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his adventurous lifestyle and public image brought him admiration from later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mids and the mids, and he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two nonfiction works. Three of his novels, four short-story collections, and three nonfiction works were published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature. Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. In , he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms In , he married Hadley Richardson , the first of four wives.
They moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star [1] and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the s' " Lost Generation " expatriate community. Hemingway's debut novel The Sun Also Rises was published in He divorced Richardson in , and married Pauline Pfeiffer. They divorced after he returned from the Spanish Civil War β , which he covered as a journalist and which was the basis for his novel For Whom the Bell Tolls Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in Hemingway was present with Allied troops as a journalist at the Normandy landings and the liberation of Paris.
He maintained permanent residences in Key West, Florida in the s and in Cuba in the s and s. On a trip to Africa, he was seriously injured in two plane accidents on successive days, leaving him in pain and ill health for much of the rest of his life. In , he bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho , where, in mid, he died by suicide.
His parents were well-educated and well-respected in Oak Park, [3] a conservative community about which resident Frank Lloyd Wright said, "So many churches for so many good people to go to. With only a year separating the two, Ernest and Marcelline resembled one-another strongly. Grace wanted them to appear as twins, so in Ernest's first three years she kept his hair long and dressed both children in similarly frilly feminine clothing. Hemingway's mother, a well-known musician in the village, [7] taught her son to play the cello despite his refusal to learn; though later in life he admitted the music lessons contributed to his writing style, evidenced for example in the " contrapuntal structure" of For Whom the Bell Tolls.
